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Gerona Beatus
The Gerona Beatus is a 10th-century illuminated manuscript currently housed in the museum of Girona Cathedral, Catalonia, Spain.
The manuscript contains two separate documents: the Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana, a late eighth-century manuscript popular in medieval Spain〔So popular, that twenty-six illustrated copies have survived, dating from the late 9th to the early 13th centuries.〕〔Williams, John. "The Extant Illustrated Commentaries of Beatus." ''The Illustrated Beatus: a Corpus of the Illustrations of the Commentary on the Apocalypse.'' (Harvey Miller Publishers: 1994), 6–7.〕 and Jerome’s commentary on the Book of Daniel.〔Daniel is rich in eschatological prophecy, so the inclusion of Jerome’s commentary with Beatus’ work makes sense on a thematic basis.〕 It includes 284 extant folios, each measuring 400 mm by 260 mm, copiously illustrated with 184 surviving miniatures, and has been described as ''one of the most richly decorated of the Beatus Commentaries, and one of the best documented.''〔Williams, John W. "Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus and Commentary on Daniel by Jerome." ''The Art of Medieval Spain, A.D. 500–1200.'' (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1993), 155-157.〕〔Walther, Ingo F. "Beato de San Salvador de Tabara." ''Codices Illustres: The World’s Most Famous Illuminated Manuscripts, 400–1600.'' (Köln, Germany: Taschen GmbH, 2001), 110.〕
== History ==
From inscriptions at the conclusion of the text, it is clear that the manuscript was commissioned by an Abbot Dominicus, and was completed on July 6, 975, most probably at the monastery at Tábara.〔Based largely on Emeterius signing his names as scribe and illuminator to another Beatus Commentary (Cod. 1097B at the National Historical Archives in Madrid), and stating that it was made at Tavara.〕 The scribe is identified as Presbyter Senior, and, unusually, the names of its two illuminators are included: 'Ende pintrix et dei aiutrix' - 'Ende, woman painter and servant of God'' and ''Emeterius, monk and presbyter.''〔The Latin used for "painter", ''(de)pintrix'', is the feminine form.Per the medieval habit of citing names in descending order of importance, it has been concluded that the more important of the two illuminators was a woman, one of the few named female artists of the Middle Ages.〕〔〔Marques-Casanovas, Jaime. "El Beato de Gerona." ''Companion Volume to the Facsimile Edition of the Codex Gerundensis.'' (Madrid: Edilan, 1975), 223.〕
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